Reiki for people

Reiki for dogs and animals
Reiki is also for Pets / all animals

 
 

from a qualified Reiki Shihan (teacher) is the gift you give to yourself that can enhance everything positive in your life.  Balance & harmony are the foundation of Reiki.  When you and all that is around you is balanced and surrounded with harmony, life can flow each day in a wonderful way.

Many styles have developed since Mikao Usui’s secret method for health and happiness began to spread around the world.  Gendai Reiki-ho and Komyo Reiki are best described as styles of Usui Reiki Ryoho created by Japanese Reiki Shihans (teachers) with only two Shihans (teachers) between themselves and Mikao Usui, the founder. They are most commonly referred to as Japanese Reiki.  Roberta R. Barnes studied directly under each of these Shihans and another Reiki Shihan whose focus is on clarity.  Clarity is essential to tuning into a greater awareness or enlightenment that can bring to light the true universal you. This awareness happens in the space created once your channel is opened and through study you learn how to return disharmony to the natural state of well being, which is commonly called healing.  The practice of Usui Reiki Ryoho is a blissful journey and how far you travel is your choice, the universe allows free will.

Hiroshi Doi,president of Gendai Reiki Healing Kyokai, and one of Roberta Barnes’s Shihans (teachers), says Gendai Reiki-ho is, “Ayashiku-nai, Okashiku-nai, Muzukashiku-nai.” The English translation of this is nothing fishy, nothing odd, nothing difficult.  That describes both Gendai Reiki-ho and Komyo Reiki.  Both are styles of Usui Reiki Ryoho in which you can easily learn to go deep into the universal vibrations of love and harmony.  In those hours of study, you can assimilate the transformation that happens with balance and harmony.

Only a Reiki Shihan (teacher) that has reached the highest level (usually fourth or fifth) allowing her or him to teach in accordance with Usui Reiki Ryoho tradition can open another person's pathway/channel to the unique form of universal energy called Usui Reiki Ryoho. Each person has his or her own life force energy, but as Hiroshi Doi, we are the “little universes” as opposed to “the universe”.

Roberta Barnes most commonly teaches Gendai Reiki-ho, which integrates the training information and methods from Mikao Usui’s original Usui Reiki Ryoho Gakkai (learning society) as well as the other styles of Usui Reiki that Hiroshi Doi studiedIf you have decided you would like to study either Gendai Reiki-ho or Komyo Reiki with Roberta R. Barnes please click here to skip to the description of the training offered.  Or go directly to,  Pre-Shoden for Children -- Shoden Level I -- Okuden Level II  -- Shinpiden Level III  --Gokuikaiden (teaching level) Level IV.  Natural Healing & Learning Center is located in Windsor Maine, US.  Roberta Barnes will however travel to various locations where a class has been organized.  Contact me for details.

Vis medicatrix naturae (the healing power of life) is naturally inside all of us, and Japanese Reiki helps to awaken that power, or the healer within.  The unique form of Universal energy named Usui Reiki provides balance and harmony to the mind, body and spirit where needed.  Balance and harmony mobilizes the healer within and accelerate the healing process in the way best for each life form at that time. Through Gendai Reiki-ho and Komyo Reiki you can learn how to connect and weave that endless supply of universal energy into your every day life.

Gendai Reiki-ho and Komyo Reiki focus on the core or the source of both disharmony and harmony.  Each time your channel is opened wider (empowerment/attunement) you are able to connect with more cords within the vibrations of universal love and harmony.  Once a person’s channel has been opened, Roberta focuses on helping each individual to go into the cords of universal energy he or she has been opened to in that level.   Roberta teaches each student how to develop his or her own finger pointing to cords within and then move beyond without their weight.  As one of her Reiki Shihan’s, Hyakuten-Sensei, explained, the finger pointing to the moon is neither the moon nor the means to travel to the moon.  At last count, over seven hundred Reiki symbols have been created around the world, but symbols are only the finger that is pointing.  Eyes can be the greatest obstacle to seeing.  Ears can be the greatest obstacle to hearing.  Reiki symbols can be the greatest obstacle to truly knowing the universal love and harmony that can flow through you.  You can forget what you have memorized, but what you know in your heart stays with you.

The powerful backbone of Usui Reiki Ryoho teachings is the three concepts from which the Gokai (five concepts or five principles) sprouted.  The Gokai reflects the Dalai Lama’s wisdom as he wrote, “confidence arising automatically and worry and anxiety diminish”.  Letting go of the negative, living in the present, and embracing the positive as some of the things you can learn through Gendai Reiki-ho and Komyo Reiki.   UsuiReiki Shihans of all styles do not strive to make what he or she teaches new and improved, but instead they trust in the ageless universal wisdom of Usui Reiki Ryoho.

A common reaction when feeling stuck is to back up, which most often results staying in one place with wheels spinning.  Mikao Usui’s first awakening gave the foundation for learning how to accept where you are, and from that place move forward in the way best for you at that moment in time.

Some factual history of this gentle yet powerful energy commonly called Reiki appears on the What is Reiki page.   Roberta Barnes’ students receive much more in class.  Studying Gendai Reiki-ho and Komyo Reiki can raise your awareness in many areas. If your personal experience tells you that the saying, “another door opens when one closes” is not true, perhaps it is just that you were so focused on the door that closed that you did not even notice the one that opened.  Learning Gendai Reiki-ho and Komyo Reiki helps you to focus on now, so that you have a mindfulness of the opening doors.

Reiki has helped many people overcome some very difficult physical and emotional challenges. Reiki does not replace crisis professional medical care.  Reikiis complementary medicine supporting and working with other healing modalities, as it speeds the healing process in the way that is best for the person/animal/bird/other life form receiving. 

Reiki Practitioners and Shihans (teachers) practice natural healing.Healing is a natural process as opposed to a cure that masks or eliminates symptoms. Reiki practitioners and Shihans are the instrument through which universal energy flows and are not licensed.  We follow a different path then conventional healing modalities.  Even so, all Reiki practitioners and Reiki Shihans (teachers) have one or more certificate(s) from a qualified Reiki Shihan (teacher), and can show you his or her energy and technique lineage back to Mikao Usui. Usui-Sensei only raised three students to the level allowing them to teach his method.  You can view some of Roberta R. Barnes’s certificates and energy lineages on her bio page.

Reiki is a journey on which you constantly learn and grow.  Colors and music add to our world as each gives off its own vibration.  Reiki is a form of universal energy. Universal energy contains all the vibrations of all colors and music,so while Reiki can enhance everything it requires nothing to increase its strength.  This leaves the Reiki practitioner and Shihan in a wonderful space of freedom, never having to worry what he or she should use with Reiki.

Universal energy flowing through you does not depend on movements, tones, colors, or additions of any kind.  It requires a body to flow through who has been initiated (empowerment/attunement) and guided by a qualified Reiki Shihan.  Once your channel has been opened you are the vessel through which universal love and harmony will always flow.   Nevertheless, like your drinking glasses that you are constantly washing, your channel must be kept clear or the energy flowing through can resemble pure spring water drunk from a dirty glass.  Reiki unaltered and allowed to flow purely will not cause any disharmony.

 Having your pathway/channel opened to universal energy (empowerment/attunement) requires little time, but it is just the beginning.  Roberta Barnes includes approximately twelve or more hours of instruction in each level except for Pre-Shoden for children.   Levels other then pre-Shoden include two or more classes, which gives enough time for students to assimilate and form any questions he or she may wish to ask.   Roberta prefers three or more classes, but due to high travel costs she offers the levels one and two each in two classes, and the third level in three classes.   The fourth level (the teacher’s level) that follows requires more study.

Reflecting back on books/movies the hero/heroine often finds personal growth through the energy of love.  In most cases, the hero/heroine thinks about walking away from the gift offered to him or her because the true strength/power of the energy is not recognized. Sometimes a person is too busy with modern technology to recognize the true power of universal energy.  The study of Reiki over a few weeks or months as opposed to a few hours gives each person the time and support to assimilate the experience so that the strength/power of universal energy can be recognized.  If you face the palms of your hands toward each other and slowly move them back and forward, you can feel your own life force energy.  When you walk barefoot or lie on the earth, and quiet your mind you can feel the earth’s form of energy.  Now imagine being able to blend cords from the universal vibrations of love and harmony with those forms of energy.

We all know the form of energy called life force, but the form we call Reiki is a different form of energy.  Following your first attunement/empowerment positive shifts, or what might be classified as a healing crisis, begin to occur in your whole self.  In one of the articles Roberta R. Barnes has written, she explains what is meant by a Reiki attunement.

In her students’ evaluations of her teaching, Roberta Barnes is described as nurturing and peaceful. Those students that visually see auras have seen in hers colors representing healing and knowledge.  One of her students said, “You are very patient and understanding - a precious find in this world.”  Others have said such things as, “You made sure I understood everything before moving on.”, and “The way you teach Reiki has made such a positive different in my life.”

If you have decided you would like to study either Gendai Reiki-ho or Komyo Reiki with Roberta R. Barnes please click here to skip to the Training Levels’ descriptions.  Some Scheduled classes are listed on the calendar page.  Private and semi-private (learning with a friend or relative) classes are available on a variety of days and times.

Whether you are in the public school area of your life, mid-life, or retired from a profession, learning Gendai Reiki-ho or Komyo Reiki and bringing balance and harmony into your life can benefit everything you do.  What is in balance and with harmony heals. No one may be able to heal the world, but if each segment is with balance and surrounded by harmony then the whole is at peace.

  Gendai Reiki-ho and Komyo Reiki include breathing exercises, meditation, self-cleansing, chakra cleansing & activating, visualization, energy boosting, and more. Once a person's pathway has actually been opened, Reiki will immediately begin to flow; how pure Reiki flows depends upon many things, which Roberta explains in her classes. 

Many things can be learned from a book or in a one-day class, but the spiritual practice of Usui Reiki Ryoho is not one of them.  Each level in Reiki requires time for the whole you to blend with that which is new to you.  Neither your living tissues nor your mind or spirit instantly accepts anything new, regardless of your desire, finances, ethnic background, or formal education.  Having a copy of Takata-Sensei’s original transcript, Roberta Barnes has an awareness of the original teachings that sprouted many Western styles of Usui Reiki Ryoho.  River crossed, no need boat, weight slow down journey. This may not to be proper English, but it says it all if one looks within the words.  Gendai Reiki-ho and Komyo Reiki help a person to learn to look within, and Roberta allows each person time to assimilate.    

With time, each level completed gradually and steadily raises the potency of what flows through your body, as long as your channel is kept clear. Once you can feel that pure white light flowing within, you can blend it into any area of your life in which you have knowledge. This blending does not make the universal energy that flows through you any stronger/better, but it can make your life take on a positive glow.  When you are emitting positive vibrations all that is around you is touched in a positive way, and positive is attracted to you.  The sculptures that Roberta Barnes allows Reiki to flow into while she is taking from the block allowing them to reveal themselves, are an example of a pleasant addition to have in a home emanating positive energy.  You can learn how to allow Reiki to flow into everything positive that you do, giving yourself rewarding results in ways more powerful then money.


Brain cells are activated with each empowerment,
and you are ready for receiving higher vibrated energy.
Your ability to purify and grow with Reiki is improved

There is no prerequisite for any level of Reiki Training when levels are taken consecutively, the same as the rungs on a ladder.  For each level following Shoden a certificate(s) for the level(s) preceding must be shown. The Shihan level (teacher's) for both Gendai Reiki-ho and Komyo Reiki require a Teacher's (master/teacher) certificate from another style of Reiki studied if the third level in either Gendai Reiki-ho or Komyo Reiki has not been completed.


Each person should practice the style of Usui Reiki Ryoho that feels most comfortable to him or her.  When I think of Gendai Reiki-ho and Komyo Reiki, I think of the trite saying, “comes from good breeding”. 

Gendai Reiki-ho is fast becoming one of the preferred methods of Reiki coming out of Japan.  Doi Hiroshi (Hiroshi Doi in English and Doi-Sensei to his other students and me) created this style.  He refers to this as the “Modern Reiki method for healing”, but being a member of the Usui Reiki Ryoho Gakkai his practice is seeded from the roots instilled by Mikao Usui who created that society. Gendai Reiki-ho focuses on living in a balanced harmonic way (health and happiness). Doi-Sensei says about Gendai Reiki-ho, “Ayashiku-nai, Okashiku-nai, Muzukashiku-nai.”  The English translation of this is, nothing fishy, nothing odd, nothing difficult.   Please see my bio page for more information on Doi-Sensei. 

 


 

 

Komyo Reiki Kai is the style created by Rev. Hyakuten Inamoto; like Doi-Sensei, Hyakuten-Sensei has only two Reiki Shihans between himself and Mikao Usui.    Mikao Usui only raised three out of 2000 students to the level where they could teach and open others to the form of universal energy called Reiki. There is more about Hyakuten-Sensei on my bio page

Komyo Reiki Kai's purpose is believing that underlying true happiness is physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual good health, and

To promote a wider spread of Reiki Hands

 

T o encourage the use of Reiki hands – healing art in a family or at work as an effective and/or supplementary medicine (in an office where I was employed about eight years ago I would let Reiki flow to co-workers at break times; Reiki is a wonderful addition to any work place).


To improve the mind and body and maintain optimal health by means of Reiki Ryoho practice.

 

To strive on, through Reiki practice, to uplift humanity and spirituality as a Reiki practitioner so as to attain the ultimate objective of Reiki Ryoho, i.e. “the absolute INNER PEACE” or “Anshin Ritsumei” in terms of Usui-Sensei. (I explain all these terms in class.)

 

To live a healthy and peaceful daily life being benefited from Reiki.

 

Please note that manuals for Shoden (Level One) include standard hand positions for reference. However, I teach students to know such things as Hibiki (feeling inharmonic vibrations). It is unknown where the idea of standard hand positions originated.  Some surviving students of Usui-Sensei interviewed in the 1990's said Usui-Sensei did not use any "hand positions", and others said he had drawn a few possible hand positions for students to use until they learned Hibiki, etc.  Mrs. Chiyoko Yamaguchi who completed her teacher's level from Dr. Chujiro Hayashi in 1938 (he also taught Takata-Sensei) told Hiroshi Doi Sensei that Dr. Hayashi did not teach her formal hand positions.

 

 

You can go to the bottom of this page and contact me today to schedule the Reiki training that fits into your life's schedule. If it is not possible to travel to Windsor ME., Roberta will travel to teach anywhere where a number of people have been organized as a class.

Each level is honorable and no level makes any person any better or any less then another.  What makes a powerful person is what he or she does with what he or she has.  It is not whether the glass is half-full or half-empty that matters; it is what is done with what is in the glass that matters. (URRI 2002)

The manuals Roberta Barnes writes for her students only reflect her Shihans’ (teachers) manuals, her personal notes taken in class, and the extensive factual research shared with her by such Reiki Shihans as Richard Rivard.  Roberta teaches both Gendai Reiki-ho and Komyo Reiki as they originated in Japan.  Verbally in class, she can answer questions about Western styles of Usui Reiki Ryoho because she completed the Master/Teacher level in several Western styles before moving on to styles created in Japan. 

 

 

 

This level is a powerful beginning on your Usui Reiki Ryoho journey. You learn how to bring balance clearing away depression or imbalances that may have attached to your life. Balance forms the foundation of longevity in all things, and then add in harmony to form a special beauty.  I was specifically thinking about this level when I wrote, “It may appear small, but it is powerful”.  The focus of this level is and self-growth. 

Reiki begins flowing as soon as a person's pathway/channel has been opened, but that is only the beginning. As per Japanese tradition, I give multiple empowerments to insure each person's channel is clear for this level. I also allow days in between each empowerment so that your whole self can assimilate the peaceful revitalizing energy that is new to you.  I explain how a person can taint the energy flowing through him or her, so that you can keep your channel clear. 

Pages of factual history are included in the Shoden manual and I share more verbally with you.   You are shown exercises and techniques that include aura and chakra cleansings, scanning, living the Gokai, many types of breathing exercises and much more. I help students to develop Hibiki so he or she will not be restricted by any set of hand positions developed by another person.  Attention to affirmations, which are helpful in all areas of life, is also given.  

$145.00 includes twelve hours of instruction broken down into two or more classes, empowerments (attunements), Gendai Reiju, Gendai Reiki-ho Shoden manual, and certificate of completion.

 

 

 

 

 

This level takes you deeper inside, as you learn to bring all the energies best represented by the earth, moon, and sun into your every day Reiki practice.  In Shoden you prepared for the higher vibrations that will now be part of you.  The homeostasis of your whole changes to a higher vibration, and when you are ready you will feel an increase in the strength/pureness of the universal vibrations of love and harmony flowing through you. This level is often thought of as psychological and emotional healing. When I wrote, “The past cannot be changed, but today can” my thoughts focused on this level.

The purposes are to improve the quality of one’s ability to channel Reiki, and to learn how Reiki transcends space and time.  Byosen Reikan-ho and other such techniques are gone into in depth.  Reiki symbols and corresponding kotodamas are taught at this level to point to the cords you are now opened to within the vibrations of love and harmony.  In Shoden, I teach how to go into the light and now that your channel is opened wider those exercise are reviewed so that the finger pointing/training wheels (Reiki symbols) are optional.   It is obvious that universal energy cannot be strengthened, but as a person’s channel opens wider allowing more energy to flow through him or her, it feels stronger.  In this level I again go over those things that can cause either blocks in your channel or the pure energy flowing through to be tainted.

Trying to direct the flow of Reiki causes inharmonic vibrations; in this level I give guidance on how to connect over distance and time and allow Reiki to flow.  This level is filled with smiles as you continue on your journey of personnel growth that can touch others.

$235.00 includes twelve hours of instruction, empowerments (attunements), Reiju, 
Okuden or Chuden manual, and certificate of completion.

A certificate for completion of level one in some style of Usui Reiki Ryoho is required for this level.
For those not having completed Shoden in Gendai Reiki-ho or Chuden in Komyo
Reiki extra material must be added so I ask an additional $50 bringing my asking fee to $285.00. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This is the level of spiritual growth.  In this level, you go in very deeply as your channel is opened even wider. The symbol, commonly called master symbol, is taught in this level.  Exercises and techniques are taught to allow a person to go very deeply into personal growth and to transcend the use of all symbols and all other training wheels/pointers that you may have been gathered.  You are shown how to trust in Reiki.

Advanced exercises include cleansing negative karma that may have become stuck within you.  You are given guidelines to be one with the rhythm of the universe.  The goal is to connect with the higher consciousness in the highest dimension where anger and fretful worry do not exist. This level translates as secret and in those early years when Reiki was first developing it was very difficult to reach this level.  Doi-Sensei commented that more people today are able to connect to the highest dimensions then in prior times because at this time in history the need for many to do so is great.   Doi-Sensei also said, “you come to know why you exist at this time and in this place, and your roll will be made clear”.

In this level you see clearly that Reiki is not a series of attunements, but a journey toward perpetually being filled with peace, tranquility and joy. If you have not already, you learn why even though Reiki is neither a religion nor belief system, it is a spiritual practice.  Exercises are given to connect with the vibrations of those in the higher dimensions and your higher-self. 

$300.00 includes approximately sixteen hours of instruction, empowerments (attunements), Gendai Reiju,  
level three manual, and certificate of completion.

 Certificate for Level I and Level II are required before taking this level. For those not having completed
Shoden and Okuden in Gendai Reiki-ho or Shoden and Chuden in Komyo Reiki, more instruction
is given and the fee is $445.00.

 

 

 

 

 

 

The prerequisite for this level is either a certificate of completion of Shinpiden in Gendai Reiki-ho, Okuden in Komyo Reiki Kai, or a certificate of the level allowing one to teach another style honoring the traditions of Usui Reiki Ryoho.  

There are two purposes for completing this level. The first purpose is to complete the circle for personal growth. The second purpose is wanting to be able to teach Gendai Reiki-ho as Hiroshi Doi created or Komyo Reiki Kai as Rev. Hyakuten Inamoto created, with no alterations such as additions of symbols or other props. Both Gendai Reiki-ho and Komyo Reiki are spiritual practices as Mikao Usui intended.

This level requires time for learning, discipline, and lots and lots of practice. Before anyone begins this level, he or she must know in his or her heart the cords to which the symbol commonly called the master symbol points.  This symbol is one of the pointers to truly becoming you, the ideal/true/universal youIn this century the symbol called master is drawn in various ways, but all represent the same energy. You will have learned to have transcended symbols before this level, but you now revisit them only to use them as training wheels to help others learn.  

Doi-Sensei said, “It is more proper to call it a training course for Reiki teachers than another step.”   However, if you have not yet learned to transcend symbols and other such supports this level helps you to do so. Your focus is that universal energy does not include any material things, tones, colors, movements, or other training wheels/supports.  You are guided to place your trust in the universal wisdom if you have not already learned to do so.  At this level you do not do Reiki, you have the goal of becoming Reiki for personal growth. There may be no recorded documents of anyone reaching this goal, but each step of the journey is blissful. Usui Mikao in his humbleness rated himself as a two rather then a one even though he was described as a furnace because the universal energy emanating from him was so strong.

$885.00 includes all classes, empowerments, Reiju, Reiki Shihan manual, and completion certificate. 

Certificate for Level I, Level II and Level are required before taking this level. 
For those having completed levels one, two, and three in styles honoring Usui Reiki Ryoho
other then Gendai Reiki-ho or Komyo Reiki the fee is $985.00.

   

 

 



This is Gendai Reiju and not the Reiju that the society Usui Reiki Ryoho Gakkai currently uses or has used in the past.  Reiju used within the Gakkai is shared with members of the Gakkai only. The prerequisite for this workshop is to have completed the highest level in Gendai Reiki-ho or Komyo Reiki, and spent time practicing.  Reiju was the term used at one time as the way in which people were originally opened to the universal vibrations of love and harmony.  Empowerments/Attunements in most styles of Reiki today are much more complicated then the original manner of empowerments, but the added rituals do not open a person's channel any wider nor increase the strength of the energy flowing through. 

Gendai Reiju is not an attunement. It is a very strong and focused form of Reiki, which has varying uses. No supports such as symbols or kotodamas are used.  At gatherings it is customary for a Reiki Shihan to give Reiju to all those attending; this clears any blocks that may have formed in one's channel and is a wonderful rejuvenating energy flowing through the whole you. I always do Gendai Reiju at the Reiki gatherings at my Center.  My students can return to me for Reiju at any time he or she feels it is necessary.   A person will never loose his or her connection to Reiki, but simple things such as ego can form blocks that can either reduce the strength of, or taint, the energy flowing through his or her channel.

Reiju is a technique of Usui Reiki Ryoho that has a unique history, which I will share at the workshop.

 

 

 


Children of all ages can easily learn Reiki at this level and the way I teach is tailored to the age of that child or group of children.  This style is based on Gendai Reiki-ho, Komyo Reiki Kai, Threshold Reiki, and other styles I completed my teacher's level in, but being my own creation it is simply my style of Usui Reiki Ryoho. I created this level just for young people of all ages.   Reiki cannot be directed and symbols have no power, so the open minds of children are sometimes more open to accepting a form of universal energy.

A young person/child can learn Shoden, but pre-Shoden opens his or her pathway without the study of all the self-growth and self-healing exercises, and the various techniques.  I will reduce my Shoden asking fee for any child taking pre-shoden from me. Nevertheless, I will not reduce my hours of instruction or the attunements in the Shoden level.

$105.00 includes hours of instruction on various techniques, an empowerment, certificate, and Pre-Shoden 
manual. Mom or Dad are invited to sit in if they would like.  Because this level is for young people I will need your parent or legal guardian to sign the O.K. slip for you to take this class.

 

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I also offer

Opening to meditation offers several methods for beginning the practice of meditation that you can try to see which is easiest to blend into your life. The methods are easy to learn and the effects of even brief daily meditation are calming, reorganizing, and relieving stress.  A person can then go on to learn a structured form if he or she chooses to do so.

 

July, August, and September one day nature workshops give guidance on how to raise awareness in life. These are called Connecting with Nature and are held in the area surrounding the Natural Healing Center, which is a wildlife habitat, certified by the National Wildlife Federation.

 

Guided meditation journeys into your past take you into forgotten times in your current life or in past lives, depending upon your beliefs. These are useful healing tools in changing how you view the past in order to heal the present. These are also often done fro self-discovery. My asking fee is $35.00.  When combined with a full Reiki session, which can be very beneficial, the asking fee is $85.00.

 

Herb consultation can be done with a Reiki session, if I am asked in advance, or a personalized written report on suggested herbs for your health concerns can be done separately.

 

If you have any questions or would like me to speak to a group 
 on either Reiki or Herbs please contact me below.

 

Roberta Barnes, C.HT, Gendai Reiki-ho
         & Komyo Reiki Shihan (RM/T)
           and  Herbalist Consultant
207-445-5671

Contact Me for Appointments and Information

last updated 8/28/08